Given the powerful psychological and behavioral ramifications, social inclusion and exclusion serve as effective ways to enforce normative behavior. For example, including helpful individuals and excluding unhelpful individuals shapes group socialization and norms over time (Levine, Moreland, & Hausmann, 2005). Congruently, the threat of ostracism is considered a fundamental mechanism of establishing a norm (Ouwerkerk, Kerr, Gallucci, & Van Lange, 2005) and actual ostracism has been shown to promote cooperation in groups (Feinberg, Willer, & Schultz, 2014). These findings suggest these strategies can be effective in promoting normative behavior, thus, influences on their utilization are crucial topics of study. Despite these findings, there is a paucity of research about their utilization across contexts with different levels of job mobility. In the next section, we discuss why culture and job mobility might hold such an influential position in the use of social inclusion and exclusion.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749597814000648#
norm-upholders vs. norm-violators.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07495978/129
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