Intent vs. Consequence of Masculine Norms/Sexism

This study also reveals that different domains of manhood can be regarded as sources of threat. For
example, subordination to women highlights social situations in which a wife/girlfriend or female co-worker is more successful, earns more, or is smarter than the man, and hence becomes threatening because “being a man” seems to depend on being able to show that the man is superior in these areas. Man's socialization into this idealized masculinity teaches him to be completely detached from the feminine, and even to regard femininity in society with a degree of scorn (Miedzian, 1991; Onur & Koyuncu, 2004). And thus it becomes difficult to tolerate the idea of being surpassed by a woman (who is supposed to be subordinate) and this could, in turn, strengthen the idea that
VAW is excusable in order to show the woman “who is boss”

Forming alliances/friendships is even counted as one of the adaptive problems

http://the-mouse-trap.com/2008/09/12/the-eight-basic-adaptive-problems-faced-by-all-animals-esp-humans/

http://the-mouse-trap.com/2010/09/05/maslows-motivational-hierarchy-revisited/#at_pco=smlwn-1.0&at_si=59bf9f8b21eb001c&at_ab=per-2&at_pos=0&at_tot=1

In it Dylan Evans and Oscar Zarate claim that all animals, and especially humans face a few adaptive problems and have developed modular adaptions in the brain to handle those problems that were encountered in the EEA. now , the massive modularity hypothesis is a topic for another day; today I’ll restrict to how they had organized their typical adaptive problems into seven groups and how I propose to modify it by introducing an eighth group to make it more in line with my eight stage evolutionary and developmental theory.

To quote:

So what are the adaptive problems faced by our hominid ancestors? Various considerations drawn from Biology, Primateology, Archeology and Anthropology suggest what the most important adaptive problems would have been:

1. Avoiding Predators
2. Eating the Right Food
3. Forming Alliances and Friendship
4. Providing help to Children and other Relatives
5. Reading other people’s minds
6. communicating with other people
7. selecting mates

1. Forming alliances and friendships : The third problem, for those animals that are not solitary, and are social in nature, is to form alliances and friendships within the group to which they belong. Group avoidance of predators (which may be big for an individual) and group sharing of food (big game hunting/ unpredictable foraging/ agriculture etc) is more beneficial than solitary hunting/ predator avoidance/food gathering. But with group formation comes the problems of group living – co-operation evolution and maintenance and the free-rider problem. Basically, how to detect cheaters and free-riders who take benefits from the group but do not pay back. If unchecked, the genes conferring such free-riding behavior will proliferate in the gene pool and destabilize co-operation and thus effective groups. It has been proposed by Robert Axelrod, that co-operation can evolve only if a) organisms encounter each other repeatedly (live in a group) b) they can recognize those they have met before and distinguish them from strangers and c) organisms can remember how those they have met before have treated them on previous occasions. Thus we need modules for recognizing con-specifics and for remembering their past actions, for solving this adaptive problem; many animals including elephants, who live in large groups, have solved this problem to an extent. This model is called reciprocal altruism and the strategy used is called tit-for-tat strategy in a repeated prisoners dilemma game of whether to co-operate or to defect. This also lays the foundation for a social exchange module whereby one calculates the costs and benefits keeping in mind the context under which the favor was given/ received.

TEST OF PRECARIOUS MANHOOD - EVOLVED VS. SOCIAL ROLE?

One project can be to test whether social role theory vs. evolutionary theory explains the precariousness of manhood better.

Comments to Google's Diversity Memo - Gender

 https://www.scribd.com/document/355823379/Google-s-Ideological-Echo-Chamber#from_embed

Jonathan Heidt:
https://heterodoxacademy.org/2017/08/10/the-google-memo-what-does-the-research-say-about-gender-differences/

Alice Eagly:
https://theconversation.com/does-biology-explain-why-men-outnumber-women-in-tech-82479

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/aug/08/google-sexist-memo-alt-right-martyr-james-damore

It is stupid to give children gender-neutral toys to play

Because proper gender development is important for survival and developmental/cognitive skills.

Because humans are born undeveloped, parents and others provide extensive socialization, generally intended to promote personality traits and skills they think will help offspring in their future adult roles. To the extent that women and men have different adult lives, caregivers tend to promote sex-typical activities and interests in children – dolls for girls, toy trucks for boys. Conventional socialization can set children on the route to conventional career choices.

DOWNLOADING ARTICLES:) http://sci-hub.cc/

STUDY IDEA: The Motion of Emotion

As you go geographically further away from the location of the source that elicits your emotions (shame, anger and disgust)

English Erasmus students in Turkey vs. English students in their own country --
in the news they hear that a few English people did something so morally wrong/disrespectful that requires confrontational action (collective action), such as a rape event or getting naked on top of a holy mountain, etc.

How do people experience and express their shame, anger and disgust to the target person and to their own country when they are abroad vs. within their country to what happened, and how does national identification moderate these effects.

more anger in own country than abroad --> because it is action-oriented and being in your own country affords action

more shame abroad than in your own country --> because it is related to social image, feeling like you have a defect character, and your national identity is more salient when you are abroad

disgust may be high in both abroad and in your own country --> signaling moral condemnation